爱华网八年级（上册）英语教科书全册课文及译文牛津深圳版（上海教育出版社）
八年级上册Unit 1-8课文与翻译
Unit1Encyclopaedias
P.3
Lookit up!
Hereare two articles from an encyclopaedia.
DaVinci, Leonardo
Leonardo daVinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician,engineer and scientist.
DaVinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showedgreat intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, helearnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous,and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in theworld. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooksinclude some interesting drawings of flying machines. (SeeArt)
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived onEarth more than 60 million years before human beings. They livedeverywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could evenfly.
Manydinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eatmeat.
Dinosaurs lived onEarth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they alldied out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them fromtheir fossils. (See Earth history)
查找它
这里有来自百科全书的两篇文章。
列奥纳多•达•芬奇
列奥纳多•达•芬奇(1452 -1519)是意大利画家,发明家,音乐家,工程师和科学家。
达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的,其中一个,蒙娜丽莎,也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如,他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。(见艺术)恐龙
恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地方。一些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象一样大。一些甚至可以飞。
许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。
恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后,突然,他们都灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过,我们可以从化石中了解他们。(见地球历史)
P.13More practice
Australia's bigattractions
Module 1 Unit 1Morepractice
Australia’s big attractions
Australia is a very big country. It also has many bigattractions.
The Big Banana
The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by JohnLandy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruitshop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many peoplevisited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soonpeople all over Australia began making big things.
The Big Merino
The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type ofsheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia arevery dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there.Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history ofwool in Australia.Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merion’shead and look at the view through its eyes.
P.16Culture corner
Encyclopaedias Britannicais a world-famous encyclopaedias.
Unit2 Numbers
p.19.The king and the rice
Along time ago, there was a king in India. The king’s favourite gamewas chess.
Oneday, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged himto a game. The king promised the old man, “ You can have any prizeif you win the game.”
Theold man said, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice forthe first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four forthe third, and then double the amount for each of the rest of thesquares.”
“Isthat all?” asked the king. “Wouldn’t you like gold or silverinstead?”
“No,just rice,” replied the old man.
Theking and the old man played the game for a long time. Finally, theold man won. So the king ordered his men to collect a bag of rice.He put one grain on the first square, two on the second, and so on.The king quickly realized the problem --- even with all the rice inthe country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all thesquares!
国王和大米
很久很久以前,有个印度的国王。国王最喜欢的比赛是国际象棋。
有一天,一个睿智的老人来到皇宫,国王向他挑战比赛。国王允诺老人:“如果你赢得比赛你可以拥有任何奖品,。”
老人说“如果我赢得比赛:,我想要一粒大米在棋盘的第一个方格,两粒在第二个,四粒在第三个,然后使每个剩余的方格在数量上加倍。”
“就这些吗?”国王问道。“难道你不想要金银来代替?”
“不,只是大米,老人回答说:。
国王和老人玩了很长时间。最后,老人赢了。国王命令他的助手们收集了一袋大米。他把一粒放在第一个方格,两粒在第二个,以此类推。国王很快意识到这一问题——即使算上这个国家的所有大米,他仍然没有足够的大米放满所有的方格!
P.29Morepractice
Counting before numbers
Beforethe invention of written number, people used many different ways tocount numbers.
Before theinvention of written numbers, people used many different ways tocount things.
At first, people use their fingers, and even their toes. However,they could only count small numbers in this way.
After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones.This helped them count bigger numbers. They used them to count thedays of the month, the amount of food and the number of animalsthey have.
Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones.This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put thetokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them aroundeasily. This developed into tools like the abacus.
Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to showdifferent numbers, and this led to the Hindu---Arabic system(0-9).We are still using this system today.
atfirst 起初，开始
apiece of string 一根绳子
develop into发展成……
leadsb to ...带某人去……
leadsb to do sth 带领某人做某事
agree with sb同意某人
agree to do sth同意做某事
not...any more =no more = not....any longer= no longer不再
takeplace 发生
happen发生
atonce 立刻
asusual 和往常一样
keepyour dream 坚持你的梦想
not.....at all一点也不
besides除了……还有
except for除了……（不同类）
except除了……（同类）
but除了
belate for 迟到
allyear round 全年，整年
order sb to do sth命令某人做某事
Unit3 Computers
P.35Computer facts
Smaller andbetter
Inthe 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computersare becoming smaller and better.
Somecomputers are tiny. You may be unaware of them. There is probablyone inside your TV or washing machine. You depend on computers morethan you realize.
Whatcan we do with computers?
Wecan use computers to calculate. They can calculate at a fasterspeed than we can and almost never give wrong answers. We can alsotype and draw things with them. In addition, computers can doimportant jobs like operating railways and flying planes andspaceships.
Is acomputer cleverer than me?
Theanswer is “No”. Your brain can produce new ideas but computerscannot. However, one day computers may be able to a better job thanhuman beings. For example, they may be better than doctors at doingtheir job.
Whatwill happen to us if computers can do all our jobs? Will we havenothing to do? Computers may change our lives, but will they makethem better?
电脑的事实
越小越好
在1940年代,第一台计算机比汽车大。现在电脑变得越小越好。
一些电脑很小。你可能都没有意识到他们。可能在你的电视或洗衣机里就有一个。你比你了解到的更加依赖电脑。
我们可以用电脑做什么?
我们可以用电脑来计算。他们可以以更快的速度比我们所能计算,几乎从未给错误的答案。我们也可以用它们打字和画画。此外,电脑能做重要的工作如操作铁路系统，驾驶飞机和宇宙飞船。
计算机比我聪明吗?
答案是“不”。你的大脑能产生新想法,但计算机不能。然而,有一天计算机可以比人类更好的工作。例如,他们可能比医生更好地做他们的工作。
如果电脑能做所有的工作会对我们发生什么?我们会无事可做吗?电脑可能会改变我们的生活,但是他们会使生活更好吗?
Unit4 Inventions
Greatinventions
Great inventionschange the world. They help people live a better life. Thefollowing are three of the most important inventions inhistory.
Thewheel
Thewheel is perhaps the greatest invention in history. After itsinvention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. A fewthousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages. Inthe early 19th century, the first trains began to carry passengers.At the start of the 20th century, cars became popular. Without thewheel, we would not have these inventions.
Thetelephone
Alexander GrahamBell invented one of the first practical telephones in 1876. Sincethen, people have been able to speak to each other over longdistances. Today millions of people across the world own mobilephones. They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime,anywhere.
Thelight bulb
Thomas Edisondeveloped the first practical light bulb in 1879. Before theinvention of the light bulb, people had to use oil lamps, gas lampsor candles to see at night. With light bulbs, people can do as manythings in the evening as they can in the daytime. Can you imagineliving without them?
伟大的发明
伟大的发明改变世界。他们帮助人们过上更好的生活。以下是三个历史上最重要的发明。轮子
车轮也许是历史上最伟大的发明。它发明后,旅行变得更快、更舒适。几千年前,人们开始使用轮子在马车上。在19世纪早期,第一列火车开始载客。20世纪初,汽车开始流行起来。没有轮子,我们将没有这些发明。
电话
亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔于1876年发明了第一个实用的电话。从那时起,人们已经能够长距离彼此说话。今天世界各地数以百万计的人们拥有手机。他们使得人们彼此保持联系在任何时间,任何地方。
灯泡
托马斯•爱迪生在1879年开发第一个实用的灯泡。在灯泡的发明之前,在晚上人们必须使用油灯,气体灯或蜡烛来看。有了灯泡,人们在晚上可以像在白天一样做尽可能多的事情。你能想象没有他们的生活吗?
Unit5 Educational exchanges
Anexchange visit is educational and interesting!
Agroup of British students from Woodpark School in London arevisiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educationalexchange.
“Iwas very nervous at first,” says Sarah. “However, my host familyare really friendly. I’m glad to be a guest in their home. I’velearnt to use chopsticks, and they’re teaching me a littleChinese!”
Thestudents spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. At theweekend, they tour around Beijing and visit places of interest withtheir host families.
“It’s been afantastic experience so far,” says Eric. “ I’ve learnt a bit oft’ai chi, and I really enjoy it. We’ve already learnt a lot aboutChinese culture and history. The teachers have introduced us toChinese painting as well. We’ll also tried to paint some picturesourselves! I haven’t had much success yet, but I’ll keeptrying.”
“I’ve made many newfriends,” says Sarah.”I plan to keep in touch with them when Ireturn home. We’ll see one another soon because they’ll come overto the UK for the second part of the exchange next month. I can’twait!”
教育交流
交换访问有教育意义，并且很有趣!
一批来自伦敦Woodpark学校的英国学生正在一次教育交流中访问北京新华初中学校。“一开始我很紧张,”莎拉说。“不过,我的寄宿家庭真的很友好。我很高兴成为他们家里的一个客人。我已学会了用筷子,并且他们正在教我一些汉语!”
学生们平日和中国学生一起学习。周末,他们到北京周边旅游，和他们的寄宿家庭一起参观名胜古迹。
“迄今为止都是一个奇妙的经历”，埃里克说。“我已经学会了太极拳,,我真的很喜欢它。我们已经学到了很多关于中国文化和历史。老师还向我们介绍中国画。我们还将尝试自己画一些画!我还没有取得成功,但我会继续努力。”
“我已交了许多新朋友,”莎拉说。“我打算当我回到家与他们保持联系,。我们很快就能见到彼此,因为他们将在下个月第二部分交流的时候来英国。我等不及了!”
Unit6 Ancient stories
TheTrojan horse
Thecapital stood on the high wall of the city of Troy. “The Greekshave gone and we’ve won,” he said. “ They’ve tried to capture ourcity for ten years. Now they’ve given up and sailedaway!”
“Butlook over there,” a soldier said. “They’ve left a huge woodenhorse.”
“Ah,yes,” the captain said, “it’s too big. The Greeks didn’t want totake it with them. Get some help and pull it into thecity.”
Thatnight, in the main square of the city, all the Trojans celebrated.They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about thestupid Greeks. “I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood,”the captain said. After the party, they locked all the gates of thecity and then all went to sleep.
Bymidnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.Suddenly a secret door opened on the side of the wooden horse. Thehorse was full of Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of thehorse one by one.
Thesoldiers opened the main gates. The Greek army entered thecity.
Forten years, the Greeks could not capture the city by fighting. Inone night, however, they succeeded in capturing it through a clevertrick.
古代故事
特洛伊木马
首领站在特洛伊城的高墙上。“希腊人已经走了,我们赢了,”他说。“他们试图占领我们的城市已经十年了。现在他们已经放弃并且起航走了!”
“但看那边,”一名士兵说。“他们留下了一个巨大的木马。”
“啊,是的,”船长说,“它太大了。希腊人不想带着它。找些帮手把它拖进城。”
那天晚上,在城市的广场,所有特洛伊人在庆祝。他们在马边唱歌跳舞,开着关于愚蠢的希腊人的玩笑。“我自小时候起就没有这样笑了,”首领说。晚会之后,他们锁了城市的所有大门,然后去睡觉。
午夜,广场是空的,除了巨大的马。突然木马一边一个秘密的门开了。马里面全都是希腊士兵!他们悄悄地一个个爬出木马。
士兵们打开了大门。希腊军队进入了城市。
长达十年来,希腊不能通过战争占领此城。然而,在一天晚上,他们通过一个聪明的伎俩成功地占领。
Unit7 Memory
Henry, Paula andMillie write for the school newspaper. They have written the shortarticles below to help students improve theirmemory.
MemoryCorner
Henry
Agreat way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture ofit in your mind. If you make the picture big, strange or silly, youwill remember it better. For example, to remember the word“smiles”, we can imagine there is a “mile” between the first letterand the last letter. This makes it the longest word in theworld.
Paula
Agood method for remembering the spelling of a word is to make ashort sentence with each letter of the word. For example, if youwant to remember how to spell the word “because”, you can use thesentence “Big elephants can always understand smallelephants”.
Millie
Youwill forget something very quickly unless you understand it well.For example, you may have trouble remembering the list of steps inthe water cycle. However, it is easier to remember these steps ifyou understand how the water cycle works.
亨利,宝拉和米莉学校的报纸写文章。他们写了下面的短文章来帮助学生提高他们的记忆。
记忆角
亨利
来帮助你记住东西的一个很好的方法是在你的头脑中想象它的图片。如果你让这幅画大,奇怪的或者愚蠢的,你会更好地记住它。例如,要记住“微笑”这个词,我们可以想象在第一个字母和最后一个字母之间存在一“英里”。这使它成为世界上最长的单词。宝拉
记住一个单词的拼写的一个好方法是让单词的每个字母来造一个短句子。例如,如果你想记住如何拼写“因为”这个词,您可以使用这个句子“大象总是可以理解小象”。米莉
你将很快忘记某东西,除非你理解它。例如,您可能很难记住水循环的系列步骤。然而,如果你理解水循环是如何运作的会更容易记住这些步骤。
Unit8 English Week
English: fun forlife
English Week atRosie Bridge School
Lastweek, students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make theirEnglish Week a big success.
There was anEnglish book fair in the library and a treasure hunt. Some studentsput on an English play. Other students took part in an Englishsinging competition.
There was also aspeaking competition. The students had to speak on a topic inEnglish for two minutes.
Wespoke to the winner, Henry. “I’m so happy that I won,” he said. “Iadvise people to speak slowly. If they want to be good publicspeakers, they’d better speak clearly andconfidently.”
Wealso spoke to several other students about English Week. One ofthem was Amy.
“Ireally enjoyed English Week. It gave me a chance to learn newwords. In my opinion, every school should have an English Week.It’s well worth doing,” she said.
Onthe last day of English Week, the head teacher gave a speech to thewhole school. He gave students some suggestions on how to improvetheir English. “You should communicate in English with your friendswhenever you can. You should read English books and magazines, andwatch English television programmes. Above all, you should enjoyEnglish!” he said.
英语:生活的乐趣
罗西桥学校英语周
上周,罗西桥学校的学生们的努力工作使他们的英语周大获成功。
在图书馆里有一个英语书籍义卖和寻宝活动。一些学生上演了一个英语话剧。其他同学参加了一个英语歌唱比赛。
还有一个演讲比赛。学生们必须用英语作一个两分钟的主题演讲。
我们采访了获胜者,亨利。“我很高兴我赢了,”他说。“我建议人们说慢点。如果他们想成为好的公众演说家,他们最好表达清晰而且自信。”
我们也和其他几个学生关于英语周作了交流。其中一个是艾米。
“我真的很喜欢英语周。它给了我一个机会来学习新单词。在我看来,每个学校都应该有一个英语周。这是值得做的事情,”她说。
在英语周的最后一天,校长发表了全校演讲。他给了学生们一些关于如何提高他们的英语水平的建议。“你应该尽可能和你的朋友用英语交流。你应该读英语书和杂志,看英语电视节目。最重要的是,你应该享受英语!”他说。
