爱华网Unit 1
lesson1
1.What's the weather like today?
这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子，还可以说成：How is the weather?
2.It will be snowy and hot today.
snowy是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词snow+y构成，类似的词还有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirty;healthy;
3.What's the temperature?问温度是多少时，不用how manymuch，要用what
4.I hope not.它的肯定形式为I hope so.
类似的表达法有：I'm afraid so.I'm afraid not. I think soI don't think so.
5.I'm scared of thunder.
be scared of sb.sth.害怕某人或某物。这里scared 是过去分词，作形容词。如：I'm scared of wild animals. scare还可以作动词。如：You scared me.
lesson2
1.What's the date today?It's March twenty-first.
What's the date?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：What is today's date?
如果询问星期要用What day is today?What day is it today?
2.In spring,the weather becomes warmer.
become是系动词，与get一样，常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语，表示身份的变化。应为：成为。如：The days are becominggetting longer in summer. He became a lawyer in 1998.
3.The temperature goes up! go up意思是上升，与rise同义，与go down或set相反。如：The sun goes uprises in the east and goes downsets in the west.
4.Thunder makes a loud noise.make a noise意思是发出声响，吵闹。如：The baby is sleeping.Don't make a noise.You shouldn't make a noise in class.
lesson3
1.Spring has arrived in Shijiazhuang.arrive是不及物动词，意思是到达。arrive in+大地点（国家、地区、城市）arrive at+小地点（学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点），地点为副词时inat要省去。如：He arrived in Paris.The train arrived at the station.They arrived home early.
reach表示到达时，是及物动词，直接与到达的地点(n)连用。如：He reached Paris.The train reached the station.
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get to表示到达时，后跟副词表示的地点时to要省去，如：He gets there on time.
2.Every morning I see many people in the park exercising.see sb. doing sth.表示看见某人在做某事，如：Can you see them playing football over there?
see sb. do sth.表示看见某人做过某事，如：I often see him play football on the playground.
这样的词还有：hear;watch;notice等。
3.The sun will set in about fifteen minutes.
in是介词，表示在...以后，用于将来时，后面跟表示一段时间的名词。此时，不能用after替换in.如：He will be back in two days.They will finish the work in ten months.
4.We won't see any flowers until May.
not...until...意思是直到...才...。until可以作介词或连词。如：They didn't leave until they finished the work.He won't go to bed until 11 o'clock.
5.Next month,maybe we will play in our shorts and T－shirts!
in表示穿着，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服颜色的名词，意思是穿着...颜色的衣服。如：The girl in the hat is my sister.They are playing in new clothes.Our teacher is in a red dress today.All of them are in black.
lesson4
1.Weather is warming,... 这里warm是动词，意思是变暖，它也可用作形容词，如：It's warm in spring.It's getting warmer day by day.
2.one by one 一个接一个地 如You can plant the seeds one by one .类似的词语还有：year by year;day by day.
3.See it bring the season's change.see sb.sth. do sth.看到某人或某事物做过某事，change这里是名词，它也可以做动词，如：He changed his clothes.
lesson5
1.Let's go cycling.go cycling =go to ride a bike去骑车。如：He often goes cycling on Sunday.
let's do sth.表示让某人做某事 let's not do sth.让某人不要做某事，如：Let's have a rest. Let's not go there.
2.How about baseball,then?howwhat about+nprondoing sth.如：I like spring.How about you?
What about a cup of coffee?How about opening the window?
3.The ball always hits me on the head.hit sb. on the+身体部位，表示打在某人的某个部位，如：He hit me on the head.He was so angry that he hit Mary in the face.
4.Shall we play soccer?Shall weI...?表示征求对方意见，可以...吗；...好吗。如：Shall we go swimming?Shall I sit here?
lesson6
1.Danny is babysitting his cousin Debie at the playground.babysitting是双写t+ing而来的，这样的词还有：
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swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；at the playground也可以说成inon the playground.
2.Hold on,Debbie!hold on可以表示稍等，别挂断；抓紧，如：Hold on a minute.He held on to the rope.
3.Danny will push you.push这里是动词，意思是推，它也可以用作名词.push sb.=give sb. a push.
4.It's time to stop swinging,debbie.stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来做某事；如：They stopped to smoke a cigarette.I must stop smoking.When he saw his teacher on the street,he stopped to talk to her.All the students stopped talking when the teacher came in.
5.Debbed gets off the swing.get off...意思是从...下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等，反义词组是get on...如：Don't get off the bus until it stops.They will get off the train in Beijing.上、下小汽车或电梯常用get intoout of...
lesson7
1.I thought about it all day at school.
think about 意思是思考，考虑，想起，想到...;如:I am thinking about my friend in the country.
Don't think about it any more.
2.I thought that it would be easy to babysit there.
it在此代替后面的不等式to babysit there,作形式主语,如:It is interesting to climb the hill.It is hard to answer the question.
3.I was scared that she would hurt herself,but...
herself是反身代词,意思是她自己.当主语和宾语[指同一个人时,宾语应用反身代词.如:She can look after herself.My mother taught herself English.
反身代词还可以作同位语,起加强语气的作用.如:She can do it herself.=She herself can do it
4.My aunt and uncle had made sandwiches for us to eat at the playground.
make sth. for sb.=make sb. sth.意思是为某人制作某物.如:I will make a birthday cake for her.=I will make her a birthday cake.
5.so was I.这是一个倒装句.是由so+系动词助动词情态动词+主语,构成.如:He is tall.So am I.
They like chinese food.So do the two Englishmen.
6.I helped her brush her teeth and climb into bed.
help sb.(to)do sth.意思是帮助某人做某事,如:I often help my mother do the housework.He sometimes helps me study English.
help sb. with sth.也能表示帮助某人做某事,但with后面跟名词或人称代词宾格,上面的句子可改写为:I often help my mother with the housework.He sometimes helps me with my English.
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Unit 2
lesson9
1.Would you like some markers?
would like意思是想要,后跟名词,代词,动词不等式.如:I'd like a cup of tea.Would you like some bananas?I'd like to have another book.
would like sb. to do sth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:He'd like me to help him with his maths.
would you like sth.?用来表示邀请某人吃喝或用什么东西,它的答语为:Yes,please.No,thanks.
would you like to do sth.?用来表示邀请某人做某事,它的答语为:(yes),I'd likelove to.I'm afraid not...I'd love to ,but...等.
2.Would you please lend me your green marker?
would you please+动词原形?表示请你...好吗?
lend是借进,常用lend sth. to sb.其反义词为borrow,常用borrow sth. from sb.,如He borrowed a car from his friend.He lent his bike to his neighbour.
3.Don't forget to draw the sun.
forget to do sth.意思是忘记去做某事,forget doing sth.意思是忘了做过某事,如:Don't forget to close the window before you beave. He forgot closing the window,so he went back to close it again. He forgot to turn off the light,so it was on the whole night.
4.After you plant a plant in a pot,what do you do next?
plant是一个兼类词,既可以作动词,也可以作名词.plant a plant表示种植物.类似的兼类词还有:
work;water;push等.
lesson10
1.Flowers,leaves and stems grow above ground.Roots grow below ground.
above是介词,表示在...上方,比...还高.与below相反.如:The plane is flying above the clouds. Today's temperature is 10 degrees below zero.
over是在...正上方,或覆盖在...上面,如:There is a lamp above the desk. There is a bridge over the river.
2.Plants have flowers beause the flowers make seeds.
because是连词,表示因为,引导原因状语从句.它不能和so连用,如:She didn't come to school because she was sick.=She was sick so she didn't come to school.
3.The seeds of the rice plant feed billions of people.
hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数字时,用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,用复数形
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式,后面要与介词of连用再接名词.如:He has three hundred books. He has read hundreds of books.
lesson11
1.You need to look after it.
look after=take care of意思是照顾,如:I have to look after the baby. Can you look after yourself?
2.Plants use sunlight to make food.
to make food是不定式,表示目的,如:Li Ming went to Beijing to see his uncle.
3.Gardens are full of plants.
be full of...表示盛满...,装满....如:The room is full of people. These bottles are full of water.
4.In spring,people put covers over plants to keep them warm at night.
cover用作动词意思是覆盖,遮盖,cover...with...表示用..把...覆盖上,如:He covered his face with a scarf. be covered with...被...覆盖着.如:The road is usually covered with snow.
cover还可以用作名词,表示覆盖物,封面.如:The book needs a new cover.
keep sb.sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物处于某种状态.如:We should keep our classroom clean. He likes doing things to keep himself busy. Let's keep the windows open.
5.Windows are made of glass.
be made of ...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料没有发生质的变化.
be made from...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料发生了质的变化.如:My desk is made of wood. Books are made of paper. Paper is made from wood. Wine is made from wheat.
lesson12
1.One group sings the purple words ,and the other group sings the black words.
one...,the other...意思是一个...另一个...,如:She has two cats.One is white,the other is black.
2.The prettiest plant...
prettiest是pretty的最高级,如:He is the tallest boy and she is the prettiest girl.
3.That you ever did see.
did see在此相当于saw,did放在动词原形前起加强语气的作用,如:She does study hard. I do like computer games. They did go to have a picnic yesterday.
4.As the stem grows,it makes leaves.
as 在本句中表示当...时候,引导时间状语从句.如:He went out as I came in.
lesson13
1.Trees help clean the air.It's pleasant to walk among the trees.
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pleasant,pleased都是形容词,表示高兴的,快乐的.pleasant常用来形容事物,而pleased常用来形容人,如:I am very pleased you've decided to come.
among介词,表示在...(三者以上)之间,between介词,表示在两者之间.
2.Donuts don't grow on trees.
on trees=on the tree表示树本身所有物在树上;in the tree表示外来物在树上;如:There are some birds in the tree. There are many apples on the tree.
3.Then we can sit under a tree in the shade.
in the shade是介词短语,意思是在阴凉处.类似的短语有in the sun;in the light;
4.All plants take energy from the sun and make it into food.
make...into...意思是把...制成...,如:We can make the tree into paper. We can make cotton into cloth.
make还可以构成如下短语be made offrombyin等
5.Without food,they would have nothing to eat and they would die.
without是介词,意思是没有,不,如He went to school without breakfast. He left without saying goodbye. Fish can't live without water.
lesson14
1.There are about eighty thousand different plants in the world that people can eat.
that people can eat是定语从句,修饰plants,that是关系代词,引导定语从句,并代指plants,也可以用which来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时,可以用who,that,如 I like the present that you gave me. This is the most interesting book that I've ever read. The woman who is babysitting the baby is my aunt.
2.But half of the world's food comes from only three plants:race,corn and wheat.
half of... 意思是...中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数.如果后面所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念.如 Half of his money was spent on books. Half of the books here are in English. Half of the students in our class like math.
all of...;a quarter of...和它类似.
3.Doctors use medicine to help sick people.
use...to do sth.意思是用...来做...,如 We use our feet and legs to walk.
sick是形容词,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词,意思相同,但只能作表语;如 His mother was sickill in bed. There are many sick people in the doctor's waiting room.
4.Do you have a hat made of straw?
made of straw是过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动;如 Do you know the boy named peter? This is the camera
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bought in japan.
lesson15
1.I have a lot to write about today.
to write 作后置定语,修饰a lot,表示没有做,要去做的动作.如 I have nothing to say. They found a room to live in. She has no pen to write with.
2.Now sth.new is growing at the top of the stem.
sth.是不定代词,应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如
important in today's newspaper.
3.Later,the head will turn into wheat seeds.
turn into... 意思是变成...如 Water can turn into ice.
turn...into...意思是把...变成...,如 Heat turns water into vapor蒸汽.
相关的短语有change into...,change....into....
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Unit 3
lesson17
1.She plays with me when I come home from school.
play with...意思是与...玩,玩弄...如 Don't play with fire ,it's dangerous.
2.I will keep him under my desk.
keep的意思是使某人某物保持某种状态或某地位.如 If your hands are cold,keep them in your pockets. These gloves will keep your hands warm. I'm sorry to keep you waiting. You can't keep ducks in the classroom. keep 还有饲养...的意思,如 He keeps bees ,goats and hens on his farm.
3.I will need to plant a tree in my bedroom.
在肯定句中动词need通常用作行为动词,如 They need to finish the project on time. You need to take an umbrella with you.
在否定句和疑问句中,need即可用作行为动词,也可以用作情态动词,如 You needn't finish that work today.=You don't need to finish that work today. Do you need to go out?=Need you go out?
need 还可以用作名词,如 There is a great need for a new book on this subject. There is no deed for you to start yet.
lesson18
1.He was talking to my mum.
waswere+doing是过去进行时,表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.如 He wasn't watching the hamburgers at that time. He was cooking supper when I got home.
lesson19
1.The zoo is open.
open是形容词,意思是开放的,可进入的.如 This garden is open to the public.
open还可以表示开着的,营业的,等.如 He slept in the room with the window open last night. The shop isn't open on sundays. His coat was open. The cages are big and open.
2.It has all kinds of animals.
all kinds of 意思是各种各样的,如 All kinds of plants were displayed.
different kinds of...不同种类的...;a kind of ...一种....;
3.We'll need our caps to protect us from the sun.
protect sb.sth. againstfrom sth.意思是保护保卫某人或某物不受...的侵害.如 I was wearing a fur coat to protect myself from the cold. Winter wheat lying under snow is protected against the cold.
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4.Zoos can help people to stop animals from going extinct.
stop sb. from doing sth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主动语态中from可以省去,在被动语态中from不可省去.如 Please don't stop him(from) playing basketball. He was stopped from playing basketball. We all tried to stop him(from) smoking in bed.
lesson20
1.I am at the zoo watching all the animals,I want to make friends with one today.
at the zoo在动物园,也可用作in the zoo.
make friends with...表示与...交朋友.
2.Throw some food to the ducks by the water.
Stand so still while they waddle my way.
by是介词,意思是在...旁边,在...附近.如:My house is by the river.
still可以作形容词,意思是静止的,不动的;如:Keep still while I comb your hair.Please stand still while I take your photograph.
still还可以作副词,意思是还,仍然,仍旧;如:He is still sleeping.The fist is still alive.
while是连词,意思是当...的时候;如:I met a friend while I was walking down the street.
3.I want an animal friend that likes to jump and run,too.
that likes to jump and run是定语从句,修饰先行词an animal friend.
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时,关系词通常用that或whowhom;先行词是事物时,关系词通常用that或which;关系词在从句中除作状语外,可以省去.如:Edison was a man who never gave up. She is the girl whom I met at the party.This is the house where(=in which) I lived last year. I know the boy whose father is a teacher. The house which stands on the hill is mine.
lesson21
1.They go through the entrance.
through介词,意思是(从...内部)穿过.across指(从...表面上)横过.如:I walked across the square to the museum. We walked through the forest.
2.Maybe photos would surprise the animals.
maybe意思是大概,或许.如:Maybe he doesn't know it's spring. Maybe you put the letter in your pocket.
情态动词may和系动词be一起也可以表示 可能是...的意思.如:You may be right. I can't find my watch.It may be in your pocket.
3.Then don't take photos of me.
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take photos of sb.意思是 给某人照相.
4.It's nearly noon,and he's still sleeping.
nearly是副词,意思是 几乎,差不多.如:Hurry up--it's nrarly time for school.
nearly和almost都表示 几乎,差不多.在多数情况下,两者之间没有什么差别.一般来说almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰;而almost可以和否定词连用.
5.That's where we go out.
where we go out.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样的词还有:wh-,that,because等.如:That's what he said.
That's why I am so worried. The question is whether our parents will agree. The problem is which is heavier. She looked as if she were a doctor.
lesson22
1.Let's play a joke on someone today.
play a joke on sb.意思是 开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人.如:We all play a joke on him.
have a joke with sb.意思是 与某人一起开某人的玩笑.如:I stopped to have a joke with him.
make a joke aboutof sb.sth.意思是 拿某人(事)开玩笑.如:Don't make a joke about himhis shortcomings.
2.Let's tell Danny that the bear got out of the zoo.
get out (of sth.)意思是 从...里出来.
另外,这个短语还可以表示 出外走走.如 We love to get out into the countryside at weekends.
You ought to get out of your house more.
get out of sth.doing sth.意思是 逃避责任或义务,不做份内的事,（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）。如 I wish I could get out of going to that meeting. I can't get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.
3.We heard it on the radio.
onover the radio意思是 通过无线电广播。类似的短语有 on the telephone;on TV.
4.There's a fierce bear coming.
coming为现在分词，作bear的定语，有正在到来的意思，相当于定语从句that is coming.如 There is a bag lying on the ground.There are some boys playing football over there.
5.You are joking,aren't you?
该句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成。前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句，中间用逗号隔开。前后两部分遵循 两个一致，一个相反 原则。如 The pen is yours,isn't it? He isn't a doctor,is he? Your brother can swim,can't he? You don't study Chiese,do you? He never watches TV,does he?
There won't be any meetings next week,will there?
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6.We tricked out you,Danny!
trick是动词，意思是欺骗，欺诈。如 The young man tricked me out of 50 yuan.
trick sb. out of +钱数。表示骗取某人多少钱。
lesson23
1.One of the world's first zoos was in Egypt,about 3500 years ago.
ago作副词表示从现在算起的以前；before作副词可表示从过去某一刻算起的以前。如 I met him three days ago. I said I had met him three days before.
before后接 时间点，可用于任何时态。如 She got to the office before five o'clock. We hope to get home before six o'clock.
2.No other people could go.
no other people可以说成nobody else.如 Nobody else could go there except kings,queens and important people.
3.Egypt is famous for its pyramids.
be famouswell-known for意思是 以...著名;以...闻名.如 France is famous for its food and wine.
The place is fomous for its hot springs.
be famous as...意思是 作为...职业身份而著名.如 He is famous as a writer.
4.People went to the zoo to learn about animals.
to learn about animals是动词不定式作目的状语.如 He came to give us a talk yesterday. I went to the park to breathe the fresh air.
5.Zoos are the only places that some kinds of animals live in.
that some kinds of animals live in是定语从句,修饰先行词the only places.由于先行词前有only,所以关系词只能用that.
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Unit 4
lesson25
1.I fill a jar with water.
fill...with...意思是 用...装满...
be filled with...=be full of...意思是 充满...如 On hearing the news,her eyes are filled with tears. They filled the hole with water.
fill in... 意思是 填上...;填充...;如 Fill in the blanks.
2.Then,I turn the jar upside down.
upside down意思是 向下翻转过来 如 That picture is upside down.You hold the book upside down. right side up 意思是 正面朝上.
3.I think the floor will get wet.
get作系动词,意思是 变得 ,后跟形容词作表语.如 The day gets longer in spring.
与get相关的词组有:
get alongon(well) with...与...(和睦)相处.如 I am getting alongon well with my classmates.
get away from...意思是 逃跑.如The thief got away from the police.
get back意思是 返回;要回或拿回.如 After a long holiday,he had to get back to work.Please get the book back for me.
get into...意思是 上车.如 He got into the car.
get off...意思是 下车;从...下来.如 He got off the train.
get up意思是 起床;起身;站起.如 He suddenly got up from the chair.I usually get up at six in the morning. get together意思是 集合;团聚.如 We will get together at the school gate and go to the park.
get through意思是 用电话联系上... 如 I often get through to my friends.
get to...意思是 到达... 如 We will get to Beijing tomorrow.He will get home by four o'clock this afternoon.
4.I'm sure the floor won't get wet.
sb.be sure+that从句,意思是 认为...一定....否定形式是sb. be sure+疑问词引导的从句.如 Tom is sure that he will win the game.Tom is not sure whether he can win the game.I'm not sure when he'll come here.
5.We can prove who's right.
prove是及物动词,意思是 证明,证实.常用于以下结构:prove sth.(to sb.);prove(to sb.)that...;prove...(to be)+adjn.如 The fact has proved the man's honesty to us all.=The fact has proved to us all that the man is honest.=The fact has proved the man (to be) honest.
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prove也可以作不及物动词,意思是 证明表明(自己)是...,后跟形容词或名词.如 My theory will prove right some day.During the trip,he proved a man with a strong will.
6.We'll do the experiment and observe what will happen.
observe是动词,意思是 观察.observe sb. dodoing sth.如 I observed her dance.When I passed by the grass,I observed him walking.
lesson26
1.I will ask the class to make observations and guess what will happen.
make observations意思是 观察.如 While doing experiments,you must make careful observations.
这个短语还有 做观察报告,评述,评论的意思.如 Our geography teacher has just made some interesting observations on Africa.
observation也可以用作不可数名词.如 She is in hospital under observation.
lesson27
1.Next,Brian will take his hand off the cardboard.
take sth. off sth.意思是使某物离开或脱离...如 Would you mind taking your foot off my hand?
take off意思是 起飞;脱下;匆忙离去.如 The plane took off at 7 a.m. Take off your shoes,please.
He took off for the station in a hurry.
2.The force is strong enough to hold the water.
adjadv+enough to do sth.意思是 足够...以至于能做某事.如 The boy is old enough to go to school.=The boy is so old that he can go to school.=He is such an old boy that he can go to school.
enough作副词,要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之后;作形容词,通常放在被修饰的名词之前.如 This hall is large enough to hold two thousand people.He walks fast enough to be here in time.He doesn't have enough money to go for traveling.I'm soory,but I haven't enough time to do the job.
3.Air is stronger than I thought!
than可作连词或介词,用于引入比较级的后半部分,表示 比...;如 She is a better player than she was last year.He is taller than me.He gets up earlier than I(do).
rather than意思是 宁愿...,不愿...;与其...不如... 如 I would rather stay at home than go out.
4.Put eight spoonfuls of cornstarch into the bowl.
spoonful是可数名词,意思是 一勺的量.如 a spoonful of sugar.类似的还有 two cupfuls of milk; a few mouthfuls of tea; a handful of flowers.
lesson28
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1.That tastes so great.
taste作系动词,后接形容词作表语,意思是 尝起来...如 The meat tastes good.It tastes better than looks.
2.And I will eat until my plate is empty.
延续性动词+untiltill...表示 一直...直到...为止.如 You'd better wait until he comes back. I will watch TV until my father comes back.我一直看电视直到我爸爸回来为止.
瞬间性动词延续性动词+not+untiltill...表示 直到...才...如 I won't watch TV until my father comes back.我直到爸爸回来才看电电视.I didn't go to bed until my father came back.我直到爸爸回来才睡觉.He didn't go out until he finished his homework.他直到完成作业才出去.
另,untiltill作连词时,引导时间状语从句,当主句是一般将来时时,从句要用一般现在时来代替.如 I shall wait here until he arrives.I will wait until he returns.
lesson29
1.Danny is at the park.
at the park=in the park
2.Debbie will have fun looking for them.
have fun相当于enjoy oneself意思是 玩得高兴,过得愉快.如 We had lots of fun on the sportsground today.=We enjoyed ourselves very much on the sportsground today.
have fun doing sth.表示 做某事有乐趣.
It is(not) fun to dodoing sth.=There is muchno fun in doing sth.意思是 做...有(无)乐趣.如 It is fun to cook a meal myself.=There's much fun in cooking a meal myself.There is not much fun in going to a party alone.=It's not fun to go to a party along.
3.I can't make eggs.
make eggs意思是 产卵,下蛋.还可以说成lay eggs.
4.Can you find them?
辨析:find,look for,find out,hunt for
find强调找的结果,意思是 找到.如 He found his lost pen.
look for 强调动作的过程,意思是 寻找.如 He is looking for his lost pen.
find out 强调(经过一番努力之后)找到...;查明....At last,they found out who stole the bike.
hunt for sb.sth.意思是 寻找某人或某物.与look for同义.如 The police are hunting for the thief.
5.Now my basket is full of eggs.
be full of...意思是 充满...=be filled with...如 The bus is full of people.=The bus is filled with people.
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lesson30
1.Fill the dish half full of water.
half是副词,意思是 部分地,一半地,差不多.如 The bottle is only half full.
half也可作形容词,名词,意思是 半个的,一半的,一半.如 half a year=a half year;half an hour=a half hour;Half of them are already here. Two halves make a whole.
2.To make a candle burn,you "light" it.
makelethave sth.sb. do sth.意思是 使某物或某人做某事.如 Let the candle burn for two or three minutes.
3.As the candle burns,it uses up oxygen in the air.
1)as作连词的各种用法
as...as...结构中第二个as是连词,它往往连接一个不完整的句子,表示比较,意思是 和...一样...;像...一样....如 John is as healthy as his sister.
表示方式,意思是 像,按照,如同.如 Run as I do.Leave it as it is.
表示时间,意思是 当...的时候,一边...一边...,随着.如 She sang as she worked.I saw him as he was getting off the bus.You will grow wiser as you grow older.
表示原因,意思是 因为.如 As you are tired,you bad better rest.
表示让步,意思是 虽然,尽管.如 Rich as he is ,he is not happy.Much as I like it,I will not buy it.
2)use sth. up意思是 用尽...,利用...;如 She used up the chicken bones to make soup.When the candle stops burning,it has used up all the oxygen in the air.
4.There is about one-fifth oxygen in the air,so the water rises and fills about one-fifth of the jar.分数的表达形式:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母加s.概括为口诀:分子基,分母序.分子>1,分母加s.如 1/2=one/a half=one second=one-second;1/3=one third=one-third;2/3=two thirds=two-thirds;
1/4=one/a quarter=one-quarter;3/4=three quarters=three-quarters;3/5=three fifths=three-fifths;
5.The candleholder is "holding" the candle.
hold为动词,意思是 拿,抓,握,抱,保持,容纳.如 Shall I hold your bag?He held a book in his hand. He held his head up.I don't think the car will hold you all.
lesson31
1.Do you want to surprise your friends?
surprise是动词,意思是 使惊奇,使感到意外.如 It surprised me to see so many people here.
它还可以作名词,意思是 惊奇,惊讶,诧异,意外之事.常用的有两个短语:to one's surprise;in surprise.如 To my surprise the plan succeeded.She looked up in surprise when I entered.
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surprise对应的形容词有两个:surprised和surprising.
surprised意思是 感到惊奇的.如 We are surprised at the news.Are you surprised,class?We were surprised to learn that he was French.
surprising意思是 使人惊讶的,出人意料的,惊人的.如 We knew the surprising fact.We are surprised at the surprising news.
2.The cardboard will hold the water up.
hold the water up=keep the water in the jar.
3.It pushes down on us from above.It also pushes up on us from below.In the experiment,air pushes up on the cardboard. pushes up/down on sb./sth.意思的 向上或下推在...上;给...一个向上或下的推动力.
3.Science is interesting.
interesting形容词,意思是 有趣的.常用来形容事物.如 It's an interesting story.
interested形容词,意思是 对...感兴趣.常用来形容人.如 Are you interested in history?
be/become interested in sth./doing sth.对(做)...感兴趣.如 We became interested in the interesting story.
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Unit 5
lesson33
1.I can go almost anywhere on foot.
anywhere在否定句中表示 什么地方,某地.相当于由somewhere变化而来.如 Did you go anywhere yesterday? anywhere在肯定句中表示 任何地方.如 You can go anywhere you like.
2.But that would take a long time.
这里would表示 假想,猜测,推断.如 I know you wouldn't get lost.
take表示 花费,常用于句型:It takes/took sb.+时间或钱+to do sth.如 It takes us three hours to fly to Guangzhou. take还可以表示 乘坐....如 I would take a train. Shall I take a plane to the bakery?
3.I seldom take a ship.I would like a more rapid type of transportation.
seldom意思是 很少,不常,难得.一般不用比较级和最高级,可用very修饰.在句首时,句子要倒装.如 Seldom did I hear of her last year=I seldom heard of her last year.
more rapid=rapider是rapid的比较级,意思是 更快的.
type=kind,意思是 类型,种类,样式.如 Cotton is a type of material.I don't enjoy that type of show.
lesson34
1.In the 1760s,a scientist in England invented a way to put steam engines and wheels together.
in the 1760s意思是 在18世纪60年代,也就是1760年-1769年.如 the 1990s 其前要用介词in
invent是动词,意思是 发明.其对应的名词是invention和inventor.如 The inventor invented two new inventions last year.
put...together意思是 装配,组成,凑成,把...组装起来.如 Let's put a team together.
put two and two together意思是 (根据所见或所闻等)推测出真相.
put our/your/their heads together意思是 交流思想,交换意见,合议.
2.Many train stations were built to make it easier for passengers to get on and off the trains.
get on/off...意思是上下(公共汽车,火车,轮船,飞机等);
get in(to)/out of...意思是上/下小汽车,电梯等
3.Early trains,like the Rocket,had a top speed of 50 kilometres per hour.
top在这里是名词作定语,意思是 顶部的,最高的,最上面的.如 Put it in the top drawer.
top speed意思是 最高速度.如 The train is running at top speed.
per意思是 每,每一.如 one apple per child.The fruit costs 3 yuan per kilo.
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lesson35
1.In 1900,planes hadn't been invented.
had been invented是过去完成时的被动语态,意思是 在...时以前,已经被发明.否定形式在had后加not,可缩写为hadn't.过去完成时的被动语态的结构是:had+been+动词的过去分词.如 The classroom had been cleaned before we got to the school./the meal had been cooked when we reached home.
2.How will people travel 100 years from now?
100 years from now=in 100 years意思是 在100年后,用于一般将来时.如 How many people will there be on the earth 50 years from now?=How many people will there be on the earth in 50 years?
3.You'd better not invent that,Danny!
you'd是you had的缩写形式,had better (not) do sth.意思是 最好(不)做某事.如 You'd better not smoke here.They'd better finish the work at once.
4.Henryford liked to be humorous and say,"You can have it in any colour you want,as long as it's black."
as long as意思是 只要.相当于if,引导条件状语从句.如 We will go fishing as long as it doesn't rain tomorrow.I will do it at once as long as you agree.
lesson36
1.Let's take a drive.
take a drive=drive意思是 驾驶...
take a+n=v.类似的还有:take a walk=walk;take a look=look;take a rest;take a swim=swim等.
2.get out of the car...
get out of...意思是 从...出来,其反义短语为 get into...
另外,get out of...还有 使逃避,避免,摆脱,放弃等意思.如 She tried to get out of helping her mother. The teacher asked the boy to get out of a bad habit.
lesson37
1.Danny has thought of a new kind of transportation.
think of意思是 思考,考虑,想起,想出.如 What do you think of my singing?I can't think of his name at the moment.
2.Will Danny's invention really work?
work在这里的意思是 (计划)行得通,(机器等)能运转,(方法)奏效.如 The plan won't work.Your idea won't work in practice.
lesson38
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1.It would go really fast and the ride would be so smooth.
ride是名词,意思是 骑马/乘车旅行.如 He went for a ride in his car.
smooth是形容词,意思是 平稳的,不颠簸的,无摇晃的.如 a smooth ride in a good car.
smooth还有 光滑的,平坦的,平静的,顺利的,无困难的,流畅的等意思.
2.Well,I think a transporter would make you into energy.
make...into...意思是 把...变成...如 The child made a piece of paper into a model plane.
3.In these shows,people use transporters all the time.
all the time意思是 总是,一直.
关于time的短语还有:at the time在那时;at the same time同时;at times=sometimes有时;in time及时;on time按时;in no time=at once立刻;It's time for sth./to do sth.是(做)某事的时间了.
lesson39
1.We had to think of an invention,and present it to the class.
这里present是动词,意思是 介绍,展现,表现.如 May I present Mr.Robinson to you?He always presents a calm smiling face. Money presents no fifficulty to them.金钱对他们来说不是问题.
2.That sounds like a fun project.
sound用作系动词,表示 听起来,似乎,后接形容词,名词或介词like等.如 The answer sounds right.Your idea sounds a good one.He sounds just the person we want to see.It sounds like the singing of birds.
sound作名词指各种声音.如 the sound of music
3.I hope your presentation goes well.
go在这里的意思是 进展,进行.如 The hours went slowly.I hope everything goes well.
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Unit 6
lesson41
1.Now you can connect to the Internet.
connect to...意思是 连接到...如 It's easy to connect to the two islands.
be connected with...和...有关 如 Are you connected with the matter?
connect...to/with...意思是 把...和...连接起来.相当于join...to...如 Connect the fridge to the electricity supply.接通冰箱的电源.The bridge connects the city to the town.
2.Let's turn on the computer.
turn on意思是打开(电源),拧开(开关).如Turn on the light,please.It's dark here.
其反义词组是turn off.如 Turn off the radio,It's too noisy.
由turn构成的句型和短语还有:turn up/down;turn right/left;turn over;turn to;It's one's turn to do sth.等.
3.The computer makes a noise.
make a noise意思是 吵闹,发出噪声.如 Don't make a noise.The baby is sleeping.
noise,sound,voice的区别:noise指巨大的声音,噪声.sound可以指任何声音.voice指人的嗓音.
4.Then the screen says,"Connect failed.Try again."
fail意思是 失败,不及格.fail (in) sth.某事失败了.如He failed (in) his driving test.
fail to do sth.=fail in doing sth.表示做某事失败,没能做成某事.如 He failed in passing/to pass the exam. fail的名词形式是failure,它们对应的反义词分别是succeed和success.如 Failure is the mother of success.
lesson42
1.Open your e-mail program.
这句为祈使句,以动词原形开头,表示 请求,建议,命令等口气.其否定形式在动词原形前面加don't.如 Stop talking,please!Don't smoke here.
2.Click on that.
click on...意思是 点击...如 We use a mouse to click on the things that we want to have a look at.
3.Your message will be sent to the person you address.
这句话包含定语从句,而且引导词who/that在从句中作宾语,所以省去了.
4.When you have finished reading a message,click on"close".
finish doing sth.意思是完成做某事.像finish这样,只能跟v+ing作宾语的动词和短语有:enjoy;keep;practise;mind;be busy;can't/couldn't help;have fun等.
5.The box with the message will close--you won't see it anymore.
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not...anymore/any more意思是 不再...如 He doesn't smoke anymore.
6.It's always nice to hear from Wu Hong.
It's nice to do sth.意思是 做某事很好.如 It's very nice to meet you here.
hear from sb.=receive a letter/an e-mail/a phone/...from sb.意思是 收到某人的...如 How often do you hear from your parents?
hear of/about...意思是 听说...如 He heard of it not long ago.
lesson43
1.The printing press is a machine that can make lots of books in a short time.
that can make lots of books in a short time是定语从句,先行词machine在定语从句中作状语,所以引导词that不能省去.如 He is the person who can give us great help.Everyone likes things that are good and cheap.
2.Before the printing press,books were written by hand.
by hand意思是 靠手,用手.by在这里是 以...的方式 的意思.如 The room is heated by gas.He earns a living by writing.
3.Information began to travel much faster and much farther.
1)much可用来修饰比较级.这样的词还有a little;a bit;a lot;even;far等.注意so,very,quite,too不能修饰比较级.如 It's a little hotter today.
2)begin to do sth.和begin doing sth.都表示 开始做某事.如 I began to pack my things three hours before I left. 下列情况下必须用不定式作宾语:
a.当状语是物时.如 The ice begins to melt.
b.当begin在句中是beginning形式时.如 He was beginning to set off.
c.当begin后面的动词是表示心理活动的词时,如realize,know,think,understand等时.如 He began to realize how his parents loved him.
4.If you forget something,you could look it up.
look up意思是(在词典或参考书中)查阅(词或资料).如 Look up the words in the dictionary.
lesson44
1.Here’s a lesson you won't want to miss.
miss意思是 错过,未赶上.如 He missed the 9:30 train.
miss还有 思念 的意思.如 "I miss you very much,my son,"said Mother.
另外,miss还有 未看见,未听见,未明白 的意思.如 The house is on the corner;you can't miss it.
2.When you search the Internet.You can search around the world.
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search意思是 搜索.后面跟搜索的范围.如 They searched the cave.
如果表示要找的对象,在搜索范围后加for,再加搜索对象.即:search+范围+for+对象.如 He searched his pockets for money.=He searched for money in his pockets.
lesson45
1.I'm sorry,but he is not here right now.
I'm sorry,but...意思是 对不起,...此处but一般不翻译出来.如 I'm sorry,but I can't go with you.
right now在这里表示 就在此刻.right是副词,意思是 恰恰,正好.相当于at this/the moment.
另外,right now还有 立刻,马上 的意思.相当于at once,immediately.
2.Please wait a moment.
本句中wait后面省去了for.
持续时间若直接置于某些持续动词之后时,for可以省去.如 The meeting lasted (for) two hours.We stayed there (for) a week.
3.I need to get a pen and paper.
need在这里作实义动词(行为动词),后跟名词,代词,不定式或doing.如 He needs a new book.We need to put the water into the jar.My bike needs mending(to be mended).
need还可作情态动词,一般只在否定句和疑问句中出现.如 We needn't go to school tomorrow.
lesson46
1.They also try to help their mother all day,so their mother can rest.
try to do sth.意思是 努力或尽力做...如 He tried to climb the tree,but he could not.
try doing sth.意思是 试着做...如 She tried cooking the meat in wine instead of water.
rest这里是动词,意思是 休息.等于have a rest(n).如 Class is over and let's have a rest/rest.
2.She asked the president of the United States to make it a special day.
make后可跟复合宾语结构,即,make+宾语+宾补.宾补可以是形容词,略to不定式,名词等.如 His words make everybody in the room happy.The teacher made us memorize a lot of English words every day.
注意make sb do sth.如果变成被动语态时,应该在do前加上to.如上面的句子若改成被动句则应为:We are made to memorize a lot of English words every day (by the teacher).
另外,make+宾语+n做宾补,而n是表示 职位或官衔的词时,其前不加任何冠词.如 We made him monitor of our class.
3.She wanted children to say "thank you" to their mothers,while their mothers were still alive.
while意思是 当...时候,引导时间状语从句,表示持续的时间段.如 While she was asleep,thieves broke in and stole her handbag.They arrived while we were having dinner.
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alive是形容词,意思的 活着的.不能放在名词前作定语.
4.Many countries of the world celebrate Mother's Day,but not all of them celebrate it in May.
not all of them意思是 并非所有都...否定词加all或both表示部分否定.其全部否定为none或neither.如 Not all the birds can fly.=All the birds can't fly.并不是所有的鸟儿都会飞.My parents are not both teachers.=Both of my parents are not teachers.我的父母并不都是老师.None of them agreed with me.他们谁也不同意我的观点.Neither of the books is mine.这两本书都不是我的.
5.On Father's Day, fathers can do whatever they want.
whatever意思是 无论什么,不管什么.相当于anything that,做宾语.
whatever还可以作主语和引导状语从句,相当于no matter what.如 Whatever the parents do is for their children.Whatever I do,I do it for you.
6.Since his wife had died young,he alone had taken care of his five children.
1)since是介词或连词,意思是 自...以来.主句常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时.如 I have been there many times since the war.What have you been doing since I last saw you?
2)alone意思是 独自地,单独地.lonely意思是 孤独的,寂寞的.如 The old man lives alone in a lonely house,but he never feels lonely.
3)take (good) care of...=look after...(well)意思是 (好好)照看...如 You must take good care of your things=You must look after your things well.
lesson47
1.Li ming said that you would be happy if you heard from me.Then,I waited to see if he would write back.
两句中的if意思不一样,第一句中的if意思是 如果,引导条件状语从句;第二句中的if是 是否,引导宾语从句.如 I don't know if it will rain.If it doesn't rain,I will stay at home.
2.I feel like I'm connected to everybody in the world.
feel like在这里的意思是 感觉好像...,后跟句子或名词.如 When I knew I had made a stupid mistake,I felt like a fool. feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.意思是 想要做某事.如 I didn't feel like eating anything this morning=I wouldn't like to eat anything this morning.
be connected to意思是 连接...,联系...;connect...to...意思是 把...和...连接起来.
3.I hope it won't be long till I hear from you.
It won't be long till/until/before...意思是 用不了多久就...了.如 It won't be long before I catch up with him.
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Unit 7
lesson49
1.Geography is the study of the world's places and population.
population的用法有以下几点:
1)表示某国,某城市有多少人口时,一般说has a population of...或the population of...is...如 Our city has a population of two million.The population of Australia is 19,500,000.
2)指人口 多 或 少时,一般要用large或small来表示.不用many或few.如 China is a country with a large population.The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
3)提问 有多少人口,用what,不用how many或how much.如 What's the population of Beijing?
2.Have you ever been abroad,Danny?
1)ever意思是 曾经,常用于疑问句或否定句.如 Have you ever seen a tiger?
2)abroad是副词,表示 在国外,到国外,出国.如 Do you like traveling abroad?My aunt has already gone abroad.
3.Have you ever been to other countries in Asia?
1)have been to意思是 去过...(已经回来了);have gone to意思是 去了...(还没回来).如 Jim has been to France.His father isn't at home.He has gone to Australia.
2)other形容词或代词,意思是 别的,其他的.作形容词,则后面加名词.当它和表示数量的词连用时,数量词要放在前面.如 two other books;Some/Many other boys are swimming in that river.
作代词,常与one搭配使用,表示 一个...另一个....如 I have two brothers.One is a doctor;the other is a teacher. any other可修饰单数可数名词,表示 任何其他的一个.用于肯定句.如 I don't want to borrow any other books.
4.I would love to go to Japan.
would love和would like的意思和用法基本一样.would like sth./to do sth./sb. to do sth.如 Would you love to drink some juice?
5.They speak Japanese in Japan.
Japanese可作名词(日语,日本人)或形容词(日本的,日本人的).作 日本人讲时,单复数形式一样.如 There are two Japanese talking with our teacher.
6.My mother hopes to visit her some day.
some day=someday意思是 某一天,指将来的时间.如 I hope you can come to China again some day.
7.It's fun to travel around the world.Do you want to tour with me?
1)It's+n/adj+to do sth.意思是 做某事是...的.如 It's hard to learn English well,I think.
2)travel around the world意思是 周游世界;到世界各地旅行.
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3)tour作名词,意思是 旅行;观光;参观.如 He made a tour of China last year.
tour也可作动词,意思是 在...旅行,参观.如 We toured a farm last summer.
lesson50
1.The populationof the world is increasing very quickly.By 2025,scientists predict the world will have 7.8 billion people. increase意思是 增加;增大;增长;增强;繁殖.
increase by...意思是 增加了...,increase to...意思是 增加到...如 The population has increased by 300,000 to 70,000,000.
by+时间,表示 到...为止.
2.Oceans cover about three-quarters of the earth's surface.
three-quarters意思是 四分之三.相当于three-fourths
3.Not all land is good for children.
be good for...意思是 对...有好处.如 Reading is good for children.
be good at...意思是 擅长...如 Are you good at English?
be good to...意思是 对...友好.如 The teacher is good to his students.
lesson51
1.How big is Asia?
how经常和不同的词构成特殊疑问词组提问不同的内容.如 how many/much/long/far/tall/deep/wide/heavy/often/soon等.如 How long is your classroom?
2.The Yangtze River in China is the third-longest river in the world.
the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词,表示 第...最...,若表示 第一最...,则一般省去序数词first.如 The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
lesson52
1.Cross the ocean,to Japan.
cross是动词,意思是 横穿...,相当于go/walk/run across.如 Don't cross the street without looking around.
lesson53
1.Maybe I'll ring him up.
ring up为固定短语,表示 给...打电话.后跟人或地点,若是名词时,放在up前后都可以,但如果是代词时,则必须放在ring和up之间.表示 给...打电话.的短语还有:call sb.(up)/ring sb./give sb.a ring(call)/make a telephone call to sb.等.如 I'll call you as soon as I get home.
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2.He says some things a little differently from us.
different(ly) from...为常用搭配.如 The weather here is different from that in America.
3.Li Ming's mother answers.
answer(the telephone)意思是 接电话.
4.Hold on,please.
hold on意思是 稍等,别挂断.
5.Hello,this is Li Ming speaking.
这是打电话的固定用语,通常打电话时表示 我是...,不说I'm...而是This/It is...(speaking/here).问对方是谁时说Who is that/this/it (speaking)?问对方 你是...吗?应说Is that/it...(speaking)?
6.I'm writing a report on Asia for geography class.
on是介词,意思是 关于.表示的内容比较专业或深奥.
about也可以表示 关于 的意思,它表示内容是不专业或浅显的.如 He wrote many books on animals.
lesson54
1.The major countries are England,France,Germany,Italy,Spain,Greece and Russia.
Germany是名词,意思是 德国.German当名词时,意思是 德语(不可数),德国人(可数,复数形式是germans);做形容词时,意思是 德国(人)的.如 There are some German students in our school.Can you see any Germans in the photo?
lesson55
1.How did it go?
go意思是 进展.如 How is everything going?It didn't go well.
2.I kept thinking about your report.
keep doing sth.意思是 一直做某事,不断做某事.如 She kept talking for an hour.
3.Our teacher said talking to people from other parts of the world is a good way to learn geogeaphy.
talking to people from other parts of the world是动名词短语作主语,应用作第三人称单数.如 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.Shopping makes mum very tired but happy.
4.I like e-mail,but it was fine talking to Li Ming on the phone this week.
1)it is/was fine to do sth.=it is/was fine doing sth.
2)talk to/with sb.表示 和...谈话.如 My mother is talking with my teacher.
3)on the phone意思是 通过电话.也可以说成over the phone.
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Unit 8
lesson57
1.But look at all this rubbish.
rubbish是不可数名词,意思是 垃圾.和它同义的词有garbage,litter.它们都是不可数名词.
2.Somebody should pick up that garbage.
pick up 意思是 捡起,拾起.如果宾语是代词,应该放在中间.如 He picked up a piece of paper and put it into the dustbin.
另外,它还有 搭便车,顺便来接.的意思.如 I'll pick you up at five this afternoon.
3.It would take too long.
take意思是 花费.常用于句型It takes/took sb. s.t./s.m. to do sth.如 It took them half an hour to clean the classroom.
4.Each student could clean up a bit of the schoolyard.
1)clean up 意思是清理,打扫.如 We'd better clean up the dirty parts of the glass before our mum comes back.
2)a bit of意思是 一点儿,一些.后接不可数名词.a bit修饰形容词或副词,表示程度很低,意思是 有点儿.如 It's a bit cold today.Could you pass me a bit of salt?
5.We would finish cleaning in an hour.
finish是动词,意思是 完成.后面可以跟名词,代词,v-ing做宾语.如 Can you finish building the house before summer?
lesson58
1.In North America, many students help their schools make less pollution.
make pollution意思是 产生/造成污染.如 Be careful,Don't make any pollution around you.
2.How much do you throw away after lunch?
throw away意思是 扔掉;抛弃;浪费.如 He threw away a lot of waste things.Your advice was thrown away on him.
3.They give prizes to the classes that make the least garbage.
that makes the least garbage是定语从句,修饰class.that在从句中作主语，不可省去．
least和less是little的最高级和比较级,意思是 最少的,较少的.用来修饰不可数名词.如 She has less money than me.At last the young man got the least gold.
4.Danny,would you please take out the garbage?
take out 意思是 带出去。如 I'll take out the frozen food as soon as I ge home
5.Did you know that a leaking toilet can waste twenty to forty litres of water an hour?
leaking是现在分词，作定语，修饰名词toilet,表示动作正在进行。leaky是形容词，修饰名词表示状态，如 leaky toilet表示 漏水的马桶。
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lesson59
1.Jenny has emptied two bags of garbage onto the floor.
empty可作形容词或动词，意思是 空的，倒空。如 There is an empty bottle on the table.Can you empty the plates for me?
2.Can I help you sort it?
sort可作名词或动词，意思是 类；分类。如 What sort of people are they?We must sort out the bad apples from the good.
3.That's the same weight as a small car.
the same...as...意思是 和...一样....same前必须加the.如 They have the same population as we do.反义词组为be different from 意思是 与...不同.
lesson60
1.My bike wheel just broke.
break是动词,意思是 打破,弄坏.broke是它的过去式,broken是它的过去分词,可以当形容词用.如 Look at the broken vase(花瓶).Who broke it? My bike is broken.
2.My old pants have a tear.
tear可作动词,名词,表示 撕碎;裂缝.如 Don't tear the packaging.
3.I need something new for my hair.
形容词new修饰不定代词something要放在不定代词的后面.如 I have something important to tell you.
4.My backpack doesn't fit.Or I might have a fit.
第一句中fit是动词,意思是 适合,合身.如 This dress doesn't fit (me).
第二句中fit是名词,have a fit相当于be very surprised或be very angry.意思是 大惊,大怒.常用于口语中.如 Father will have a fit when he hears what you have done.When I saw him again,I had a great fit.
此外,fit还可以用作形容词,意思是 健康的,合适的.如 Doing exercise can make you fit.
5.To fix and mend and reuse again.
mend,fix,repair都有 修理 的意思.fix具有mend和repair这两个动词的一般含义,但fix是个非正式用语.mend可以表示对衣服等进行修理或修补.如 She often helps me mend my clothes.
lesson61
1.Almost all of it can be reused or recycled!
be reused or recycled是被动语态.
re-是一个前缀,意思是 再,重新.如 rewrite,replay,reappear等.
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2.People throw too much away!
too much后省去了名词rubbish.它有两点作用:1)用来修饰不可数名词,意思是 太多.如 There was too much rain last year.2)用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,意思是 过分,难以接受.如 This one is too much bigger than that one. too many意思是 太多,用来修饰可数名词复数.如 There are too many cars in the street.
much too太...,用来修饰形容词,副词的原级.如 The radio is much too noisy.Please turn it off!
3.It's only a little bit broken.
a little bit中little修饰bit,用来强调程度之轻.后跟形容词,副词.如 Unit 1 is a little bit hard.
4.It can all be recycled,and made into new glass.
be made into意思是 被制成....如 The wood is made into new funiture in the factory.
lesson62
1.I don't worry about it too much.
worry about... 意思是 担心/忧虑...,too much用来修饰动词worry.
2.What do we waste the most?
waste可作动词,形容词,名词.意思是 浪费;浪费的;废物.如 Don't throw the waste paper about.They have wasted a lot of money.A lot of waste from the factory goes into the river.I try not to waste water.
3.I take short showers.
take/have a shower意思是 洗淋浴.洗澡可以说成have/take a bath.
lesson63
1.The next day,Danny,Brian and I took a walk through our neighbourhood.
take a walk意思是 散步.如 It's good for you to take a walk after supper.
2.Danny found a toy car with one broken wheel.
with one broken wheel是介词短语作后置定语,修饰car.相当于从句that/which has one broken wheel.又如 Please pass me the bottle with some oil.
3.We sort all of it into paper,plastic,metal,glass and others.
sort.. .into...意思是 将事物分类,整理.sort为动词.如 He is sorting his stamps into piles.
sort还可以用作名词,表示 种类,类型,相当于type,kind.如 What sort of book are you reading?
4.Our teacher also taught us about how garbage is recycled.
在宾语从句中,若主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的某种时态,但本句宾语从句说的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时.
5.Today,Danny made a car out of garbage.
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make...out of... 意思是 用...制成....如 We made some hats out of the waste materials.They will make some bread out of the flour.
6.He used a bit of glue to put on the wheels.
a bit of...意思是 一点...后跟不可数名词,相当于a little.
7.When you write something,don't forget to use both sides of the paper.
forget to do sth.意思是 忘记去做某事.forget doing sth.意思是 忘了做过某事.
both sides也可以说成either side或each side.如 There are some trees on both sides/either side/each side of the road.
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