爱华网脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease，CSVD）是一组由于脑内小动脉异常导致的临床表现相似、影像表现相近的脑组织局部病变。解剖学上，脑内小血管病变包括小动脉（100-400μm）及其远端分支（<><>
其临床表现多种多样，除可引起纯运动性偏瘫、单纯感觉障碍等各种腔隙性综合征外，还可导致头晕、认知障碍、血管性痴呆、步态异常、帕金森样症状、排尿障碍等多种非特异性症状。
神经影像学血管性改变报道标准组织（Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging，STRIVE）提出CSVD在颅脑MRI中可表现为腔隙、新发皮层下小梗死、脑白质高信号、扩大的血管周围间隙、脑微出血及脑萎缩。
（55岁CSVD患者的继发性脑萎缩。相比先前的磁共振[中]，随访时的磁共振[T1WI，右图]可见明显的脑沟变宽[箭B-D]，特别是枕区，脑室扩大[箭A]，期间无新发梗死。FLAIR[左]可见白质高信号）
[参考文献]
1. 李玲, 周华东, 王延江.脑小血管病MRI表现对痴呆的预测作用.中国卒中杂志. 2015;10(10):883-887.
2. Norrving B.Evolving Concept of Small Vessel Disease through Advanced Brain Imaging.J Stroke. 2015 May;17(2):94-100.
3. Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, Cordonnier C, Fazekas F, Frayne R, Lindley RI, O'Brien JT, Barkhof F, Benavente OR, Black SE, Brayne C, Breteler M, Chabriat H, Decarli C, de Leeuw FE, Doubal F, Duering M, Fox NC, Greenberg S, Hachinski V, Kilimann I, Mok V, Oostenbrugge Rv, Pantoni L, Speck O, Stephan BC, Teipel S, Viswanathan A, Werring D, Chen C, Smith C, van Buchem M, Norrving B, Gorelick PB, Dichgans M; STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE v1).Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration.Lancet Neurol. 2013 Aug;12(8):822-38.
4. Wardlaw JM, Smith C, Dichgans M.Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging.Lancet Neurol. 2013 May;12(5):483-97.
5. 米涛免, 孙永馨.脑小血管病多样化临床表现的影像学基础.首都医科大学学报. 2013;34(6):860-867.
6. Benjamin P, Viessmann O, MacKinnon AD, Jezzard P, Markus HS.7 Tesla MRI in cerebral small vessel disease.Int J Stroke. 2015 Jul;10(5):659-64.
7. Charidimou A, Werring DJ.Cerebral microbleeds and cognition in cerebrovascular disease: an update.J Neurol Sci. 2012 Nov 15;322(1-2):50-5.
8. Linn J.Imaging of Cerebral Microbleeds.Clin Neuroradiol. 2015 Oct;25 Suppl 2:167-75.
