一、used to+动词原形:(表过去的习惯),常译为“过去常常”或“过去总是”。 在这个结构中,used是一个不及物动词,to是不定式符号。它后面只能跟动词原形,不能跟名词、代词或动名词。例如:
They used to be good friends.他们过去是好朋友。
She often used to say so.她过去总是这么说。
疑问式:
Used he to go shopping by car? (英式英语)
或Did he use to go shopping by car? (美式英语)
否定式:
He used not to go shopping by car. (英式英语)
或He use(d)n’t to go shopping by car. (英式英语)
He didn't use to go shopping by car. (美式英语)
He never used to go shopping by car. (美式英语)
使用“used to”结构时,还应注意以下三点:
1.“used to”只能用于表示过去时间的句子,因此,当表示“过去习惯性的动作”时,可以用“used to”结构;当表示“现在习惯性的动作”时,则要用一般现在时。例如:
I used to live in Beijing,but I live in Yancheng now.我以前住在北京,但现在住在盐城。
He watches TV at seven o'clock every evening.他每天晚上七点钟看电视。
2.“used to”“过去常这样做,现在不这样做了”。例如:
He used to get up at 6:00 when he was in the countryside.
他在农村的时候总是六点钟起床。(即现在不是六点钟起床了)。
We used to be good workers.我们过去是好工人。(但现在我们不是好工人了。)
3.“used to”的主语通常是人称代(名)词(如she,they,Lily等),如用表示事(物)的名词做主语,习惯上通常使用“there used to be...”结构。例如: There used to be a bus stop on that corner.那个拐角处过去有个公共汽车站。 There used to be a class meeting every Friday last year.去年每星期五总有班会。 There used to be a computer there.以前那里放有一台电脑。
二、be used to +名词、代词或动名词 “习惯于……”
在“be used to”这个结构中,used是一个作表语用的形容词,to是介词,它后面接名词、代词或动名词,不能跟动词原形。此外,“be used to”能有各种时态的变化(如“are used to”,“has used to”,“have been used to”等)。这两点与“used to”在结构上有明显的区别。“be used to”的主语通常是人称代词,表示“习惯于”的意思。例如:
Joy is used to the life in the city.乔伊习惯于城市的生活。
She has been used to that way of study.她已经习惯于那种学习方法了。
He is used to playing football at 4:00 in the afternoon.他习惯于下午四点钟踢足球。
疑问式:
Are you used to the life there?
Will you be used to the life there?
Have you been used to the life there?
否定式:
You are not used to the life there.
You will not be used to the life there.
You have not been used to the life there.
使用“be used to”结构时,还应注意以下三点:
1.“be used to +名词、代词或动名词”有时亦用“get(become)used to +名词、代词或动名词”表示,意思基本相同,可通译为:习惯于……。意义略有差别:这一动态的过程,意思是:“(变得)习惯于”;“开始习惯于”。试比较:
He was used to the cold weather after he lived there for two years.在那里住两年后,他已习惯了寒冷的天气。
I think it is a bit difficult for you to get used to the humid weather here.我想,让你习惯于这里潮湿而炎热的天气有点困难。
They will soon get used to your teaching method.不久他们就会习惯你的教学方法。 She has become used to getting up early.她已习惯于早起。
2.不能混淆“be used to +名词、代词或动名词”与“be used +带to的不定式”这两种结构。
“be used +带to的不定式”的意思是“,可以用于各种时态的句子。例如:
An ox is used to plough the fields.牛可用来耕地。
This place has been used to plant vegetables.这个地方已经用于种蔬菜了。
后者常常用于指通过努力而成为习惯。试比较:
I am used to teaching English.我对教英语已习惯了。
Mrs. Smith was not accustomed to leaving home during the winter.史密斯夫人不习惯冬天出门。
I am accustomed to taking coffee.我习惯了喝咖啡。
