爱华网2011年10月31日17:36 来源：新东方在线 【发表评论】
1. ruin n. &vt.
［词 义］ 废墟（多作复数）; vt. 意为“使毁灭；使崩溃；弄糟”，表示破坏严重，以致不能修复。(过去式和过去分词：-ed, -ed)
［必记搭配］ in ruins 成为废墟；遭到严重破坏
come/ go to ruin 毁灭
bring sb. to ruin 使某人毁灭
［例］ We saw the ruins of an ancient Maya temple in Mexico.
我们在墨西哥看到了古老的玛雅文化的遗迹。
The houses across the street were in ruins.
街对面的房子曾经是一片废墟。
After that, the empire came to ruin.
在那之后，整个王国开始走向毁灭。
The soldier’s carelessness brought himself to ruin.
那位士兵的粗心致使他自己的毁灭。
2. burn v.
［词 义］ 燃烧；烧毁；使烧焦，烧糊；燃着的（过去式和过去分词：-t, -t或者-ed, -ed;现在分词-ing）
［必记搭配］ burn with sth 有强烈的情感，渴望
burn one’s fingers/ get one’s fingers burnt （尤指生意上）没有先见之明而蒙受损失，因不慎而吃亏
［必掌握词组］ burn away 烧光；烧掉
burn down （常指建筑物等）（被）焚烧
burn off 烧掉；转晴（驱散云或雾）
burn out 烧光；燃尽，熄灭
burn up 使烧得更旺；飞驰，飞奔
［扩展］Burn表示“燃着”时候，是不及物动词。
Burn的过去式和过去分词有两种：burned, burned或burnt, burnt。但两者有区别：作定语时要用过去分词burnt,表示“烧坏的”，而不用burned。如：a burnt house(不说a burned house)
［例］ This type of coal does not burn very easily.
这种煤不容易燃着。
The pile of paper burned away to nothing.
那一摞纸烧成了灰烬。
The building was burned down to the ground by the enemy.
那座建筑物被敌人烧为了平地。
The farmers are burning off the stubbles.
农民们正在焚烧地里的秸杆。
The building was burnt out and only the walls remained.
建筑物被烧光了，仅余四壁。
Put some more wood on the fire to make it burn up.
加点木柴，使火烧得更旺。
We burned up the motorway.
我们在高速公路上飞奔。
The street lights burned all night.
路灯一晚上都亮着。
3. include vt. & vi.
［词 义］ 包括，包含（过去式和过去分词：-d, -d;现在分词：including）
［派 生 词］ included adj. 包括在内的
including prep. 包括……在内的
inclusion n. 包括，包含
inclusive adj. 包容广阔的，范围广泛的
［同／近义词］ contain
［必记搭配］ include sb out 别把……算在内
［例］ Is service included in the bill?
帐单中包括服务费吗？
All of us, me included (including me) will pay a visit to Mr Lee.
我们全体都要去看李先生，包括我在内。
The editor was against the inclusion of a gossip column in the newspaper.
那位编辑反对在报纸上增加漫谈栏目。
There were fifty people present, inclusive of the officials.
总共有50人出席，还包括那些官员们。
Include me out! (= I don't want to be included.)
别把我算进去！
4. opinion n.
［词 义］ 意见，看法
［必记搭配］ opinion of /about 对……的看法
［必掌握词组］ a matter of opinion 看法上的问题
have a good/ bad opinion of 评价很好／糟
in one’s opinion= in the opinion of sb 依某人的观点看来
［例］ It is a matter of principle, not a matter of opinion.
这是个原则问题，而不是看法上的问题。
We have a good opinion on his work.
我们对他的工作评价很好。
In my opinion, Sir, the sum is not enough!
在我看来，先生，这个不够！
5.make jokes about sb. 开（某人）的玩笑
［联想］play a joke on sb. 开（某人）的玩笑
have a joke 说笑话
joke(v.) with sb about sth. 同某人拿某物开玩笑；取笑
［例］The boys made jokes about / played a joke on James and hid his shoes.
男孩子们开James的玩笑并把他的鞋子藏了起来。
I stopped to have a joke with him about our work.
我停下来和他说了一个我们工作上的笑话。
You mustn’t joke with him about religion.
你绝对不能同他开宗教玩笑。
［典题示例］
1.A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one’s health.
A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are
B. 考查主谓一致：句子主语为a survey，因此第二空只能选择is，而show相当于suggest，意为“显示，表明”。
2. got caught in the rain and my suit____．
A．has ruined B．had ruined
C．has been ruined D．had been ruined
C. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。“我”被困在雨中的结果为衣服都“被”淋湿。
3.I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
A. 考查感官动词smell的用法，“闻到某物正在燃烧”表达为：smell sth burning。
