名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
规则  例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s      map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2   以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3       以-f或-fe结尾的词     变-f和-fe为v再加-es  leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives   加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es   party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s     toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6       以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词   一般加-es  hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
                不少外来词加-s        piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
              两者皆可    zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7     以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s        radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8     以-th结尾的名词加-s    truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则    例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 
2  单复数相同   sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 
3   只有复数形式  ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4      一些集体名词总是用作复数    people, police, cattle, staff
5      部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)      audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6 复数形式表示特别含义      customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7  表示“某国人” 加-s     Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
          单复数同形   Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
                以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women    Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8    合成名词    将主体名词变为复数       sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
             无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数        grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
          将两部分变为复数         women singers, men servants
9       复数的不规则变化  child-children,  mouse-mice
  
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